The Causes of Prostate Enlargement

An enlarged prostate is a common health concern for men, especially as they get older. While the condition is often not dangerous, it can significantly affect urine flow, bladder function, and overall quality of life if left untreated.

At Urology of Greater Atlanta, our team of board-certified urologists helps men across Georgia understand prostate problems and choose the most appropriate treatment options. With accurate diagnosis, modern technology, and personalized care, managing an enlarged prostate is highly achievable. Contact us today to schedule a consultation. 

What is an Enlarged Prostate Gland?

The prostate gland is a small, walnut-sized gland located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. Because of this location, when the prostate grows, it can press against the urethra and restrict urine flow.

An enlarged prostate—medically known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or benign prostatic enlargement—is a non-cancerous increase in prostate tissue. The term hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells, resulting in enlarged prostate tissue.

Common Symptoms of BPH

Symptoms of BPH can range from mild symptoms to severe complications and may include the following:

• Trouble starting urination
• Weak or interrupted urine flow
• Frequent urination, especially at night
• Urinary urgency
• Incomplete bladder emptying
• Acute urinary retention (sudden inability to urinate)

If untreated, an enlarged prostate can cause bladder stones, bladder damage, kidney damage, or chronic urinary retention.

What Could Enlarge My Prostate?

The exact causes of an enlarged prostate are not fully understood. However, research and trusted sources such as the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases point to several contributing factors.

Aging

Age is the most significant risk factor for an enlarged prostate. Most men over 50 develop some degree of prostate enlargement, and the risk increases with age.

Hormonal Changes

As men age, they experience an increase in dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a derivative of testosterone. This increase stimulates prostate tissue growth and may cause men to develop BPH. Changes to the ratio between testosterone and estrogen levels are another factor. Decreases in testosterone levels relative to estrogen can contribute to prostate enlargement.

Family History

Men with a family history of prostate problems are more likely to experience BPH. Genetics may influence how prostate tissue responds to hormones over time.

Lifestyle and Health Factors

Certain health problems and habits may increase risk and make BPH symptoms worse. These may include the following:

• Obesity
• Lack of physical activity
• A diet high in animal fat
• A diet low in fruits and vegetables

Is BPH Prostate Cancer?

It’s important to note that benign prostatic hyperplasia is not prostate cancer. However, both conditions can exist at the same time and cause similar symptoms. That’s why medical tests and proper evaluation are essential.

What Can You Do to Treat an Enlarged Prostate?

Treatment depends on symptom severity, prostate size, overall health, and personal preferences. Your health care provider will review your medical history, symptoms, and exam findings before recommending a plan.

Diagnosis and Evaluation

Evaluation often includes:

• Physical exam and digital rectal exam
• Urine tests to assess the urinary tract
• Imaging or other medical tests to evaluate prostate tissue
• Assessment of bladder muscle function

Watchful Waiting

For men with mild symptoms, watchful waiting may be appropriate. This approach involves regular monitoring and lifestyle changes, such as:

• Reducing caffeine and alcohol
• Drinking less fluid at night
• Improving physical activity

Medications

Medications can relax the prostate and muscles in the bladder neck. This can help reduce urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and weak urine flow.

Some common medications for BPH include alpha-blockers, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, and combination therapies. It is important to discuss potential side effects and risks with a healthcare professional before starting any medication.

Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures

For moderate to severe cases of BPH, minimally invasive procedures may be recommended. These procedures aim to reduce the size of the prostate or relieve pressure on the urethra, improving urine flow. Examples of minimally invasive procedures include:

• Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP): This procedure involves removing excess prostate tissue around the bladder neck. The surgeon will access the prostate through the urethra using a resectoscope.
• Laser Therapy: Different types of laser therapies can be used to vaporize or ablate prostate tissue, relieving urinary symptoms.
• Transurethral Incision of the Prostate (TUIP): This procedure involves making small incisions in the prostate to relieve pressure on the urethra.
• Prostatic Urethral Lift (PUL): This procedure uses small implants to hold the prostate lobes apart, reducing urethral obstruction.
• Water-Induced Thermotherapy (WIT): This procedure involves delivering controlled heat to the prostate using heated water, destroying excess tissue.

It’s important to speak with your healthcare provider about the treatment options available and which will be most practical for you.

Get Expert Help for Prostate Enlargement

If you’re experiencing symptoms of BPH or have concerns about prostate health, expert help is available. Urology of Greater Atlanta has multiple locations throughout Georgia, and all our doctors are board-certified with extensive experience in treating enlarged prostate conditions using the latest medical and minimally invasive techniques.

Contact us today to schedule an appointment and take the next step toward better urinary health and long-term comfort.